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turtle leech
Turtle leeches are a genus, ''Ozobranchus'', of leeches (Hirudinea) that feed exclusively on the blood of turtles.〔Hutchins, Michael, ed., et al. ''Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia''. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 978-0-7876-5362-0. pp. 75-83.〕 Only two species – ''Ozobranchus margoi'' and ''Ozobranchus branchiatus'' – are found in the Atlantic coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Little is known about these leeches due to difficulties in studying their sea turtle hosts.〔McGowin, Audrey E., et al. "Genetic barcoding of marine leeches (''Ozobranchus'' spp.) from Florida sea turtles and their divergence in host specificity." ''Molecular Ecology Resources'' 11.2 (2011): 271-278.〕
== Physiology ==
Species of ''Ozobranchus'' spp. can be very small (down to a few millimeters in length),〔 making them morphologically difficult to distinguish. ''Ozobranchus margoi'' and ''Ozobranchus branchiatus'' are the most anatomically documented. According to researchers from the University of Wales and the Gulf Coast Research Lab in Mississippi, the two species are very similar externally with their main difference being the number of pairs of finger-shaped gills; ''Ozobranchus margoi'' has 5 pairs while ''Ozobranchus branchiatus'' has 7.〔Sawyer, Roy T., Adrian R. Lawler, and Robin M. Oversrteet. " Marine leeches of the eastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico with a key to the species." ''Journal of Natural History'' 9.6 (1975): 633-667.〕 Both possess a light or slightly pink coloration and sometimes dark spots form from ingested blood visible through the epidermis.〔Davies, Ronald W. "The Morphology of ''Ozobranchus margoi'' (Apathy) (Hirudinoidea), a Parasite of Marine Turtles." ''The Journal of Parasitology'' 64.6 (1978): 1092-1096.〕 ''Ozobranchus branchiatus'' range generally from 3.5–10 mm, while ''Ozobranchus margoi'' generally range from 4–22 mm. The body is composed primarily of two unequal annuli.〔 Both species have large suckers on each end of their bodies. The sucker on the anterior is not distinguishable from the neck. The anterior end also has two light-sensitive eye spots.〔 The finger-like gills tend to get smaller as they progress towards the posterior end. Another of the species, ''Ozobranchus jantseanus'', was studied by Japanese researchers who found it could adapt to extreme cold, surviving for 24 hours at -196°C (-321°F) and for nine months at -90°C (-130°F).
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